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Air pollution

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living organisms. It was the industrial revolution that gave birth to environmental pollution as we know it today. The emergence of great factories and consumption of immense quantities of coal and other fossil fuels gave rise to unprecedented air pollution and the large volume of industrial chemical discharges added to the growing load of untreated human waste.

The major forms of pollution are: Air pollution, the release of chemicals and particulates into the atmosphere. Light pollution includes light trespass, over-illumination and astronomical interference. Noise pollution, which encompasses roadway noise, aircraft noise, industrial noise as well as high-intensity sonar. Soil occurs when chemicals are released by spill or underground leak. Water pollution, by the release of waste products and contaminants into surface run off into river drainage systems, leaching into ground water, liquid spills, and waste water discharges and littering.

Adverse air quality can kill many organisms including humans. Ozone pollution can cause respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, throat inflammation, chest pain, and congestion. Water pollution causes approximately 14,000 deaths per day, mostly due to contamination of drinking water by untreated sewage in developing countries.

Oil spills can cause skin irritations and rashes. Noise pollution induces hearing loss, high blood pressure, stress, and sleep disturbance. Mercury has been linked to developmental deficits in children and neurologic symptoms. Older people are majorly exposed to diseases induced by air pollution. Those with heart or lung disorders are under additional risk. Children and infants are also at serious risk. Lead and other heavy metals have been shown to cause neurological problems. Chemical and radioactive substances can cause cancer and as well as birth defects.

From Wikipedia

I / COMPREHENSION. (8pts)

A: True or false statements, justify by quoting the text. (2pts)

1. Water pollution causes many deaths in developed countries

………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Diseases induced by air pollution concerned only older people

………………………………………………………………………………………………

B: Complete with elements from the text (2pts)

1. Among the type of pollution we have:

a………………………b………………………c……………………d……………………

2. Give four types of disease caused by pollution.

a………………………b………………………c……………………d……………………

C: Reference: what do the underlined words refer to? (2pts)

1Gave refers to………………………………………..

2. Those refers to………………………………………..

D: Fill the chart with words from the text (2pts)

II/ LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE (7pts)

E: Complete the dialogue with the following words (3pts)

People……………………….. (to try) to improve their existence since the Neolithic. This endless seek of power and fortune causes the industrial revolution that…………………….. (to occur) in the middle of 19^th century and is considered as the beginning of world pollution. From the invention of the compass to the use of internet, humanity………………………… (to make) enormous progress.

F: Replace if by the most appropriate conjunction (2pts)

A: I think that people would be healthier if there was no pollution.

B: Absolutely. But if we close all the industries that pollute the air, what will happen then?

A: If we close all the industries, pollution will not stop because of these old-used cars.

B: My father said that there would be an end if the G8 wanted.

G: Complete these ideas with comparative or superlative (2pts)

A journalist said: “The……………industrialized countries in the world are the……………. (Big) pollutants. In 2007, China has overtaken the United States as the world's biggest producer of CO₂.But they seem to ignore that the………………...industrialized you are, the …………healthy your population is.”

H: Writing (5pts) choose one of the following topics and write a 150 words essay

Topic one: Your friend is bargaining an old-used car. Try to talk him into not buying it by informing about the dangers he runs.

Topic two: we are all conscience about the drawbacks of pollution so what do you propose as solutions to this phenomenon?