Learning is a treasure that will follow its owner everywhere.

A: REFORMULATION AND REWRITING

EXERCISE 1: Rewrite by using the prompt given

1-Whoever comes to the party, he will be entertained.

No matter………………………………………………………………………..

2-In spite of the rain, we started to play football.

Despite…………………………………………………………………………..

Rainy…………………………………………………………………………….

Although…………………………………………………………………………

3-Despite his braveness, he always has bad marks

Although…………………………………………………………………………

4-It’s not useful to learn eating

It’s no use…………………………………………………………………………

5-I prefer reading to cheating

I would rather……………………………………………………………………

6-His mother wants him to marry his cousin

He would rather…………………………………………………………………..

7-He is thinking of leaving his country

He can’t help………………………………………………………………………

He cannot but……………………………………………………………………..

8-She usually cheated at cards

She …………..…………………………………………………………………….

She …………….……………………………………………………………………

9-I used to drive a Mercedes but now I drive a Citroën

I……………………………………………………………………………………

I……………………………………………………………………………………

10-If you do not put some sun scream, you will get sunburns

Unless……………………………………………………………………………..

11-If we have enough time, we will visit Saliou

Should…………………………………………………………………………..

12-I am going to an interview; you ought to iron my shirt.

I…………………………………………………………………………………….

EXERCISE 2: rewrite by using words between brackets

1-She can’t swim, she has never learnt (know)

……………………………………………………………………………………..

2-I’m so worried! I am sure they have missed the train (must)

………………………………………………………………………………………

3-Don’t try and phone him, his train is out of order (it’s no use)

………………………………………………………………………………………

4-If he doesn’t work harder; he will lose his job (unless)

………………………………………………………………………………………

5-His mother hopes he will be a pianist (would like)

……………………………………………………………………………………..

6-As soon as he went to sleep he started to snore (no sooner)

………………………………………………………………………………………..

7-Elizabeth’s husband smokes in bed. She doesn’t like that (disapprove)

……………………………………………………………………………………..

8-I am certain she didn’t throw that book away; she keeps everything (can’t)

………………………………………………………………………………………

9-When I saw her for the first time, I immediately remembered her mother when she was her age (remind)

………………………………………………………………………………………

EXERCISE 3 :( same exercises as 2)

1-If anta and Abdou have to face the music; no dictation will feel save (have)

……………………………………………………………………………………

2-Dictation may be very powerful but he will pay for his crimes sooner or later (no matter)

……………………………………………………………………………………….

3-No sooner had Gbagbo dismissed Ouatara’s victory than troubles started (hardly)

………………………………………………………………………………………

4-It’s a pity that the developed countries are unwilling to free up more money for basic education in Africa (wish)

…………………………………………………………………………………….

5-They lost the match because they underestimated their opponents

If………………………………………………………………………………….

6-Despite the lengthy talk about debt relief, wealthy countries do little efforts to make it happen

Lengthy……………………………………………………………………………..

7-They regret being unable to make good on their promises

If only………………………………………………………………………………

EXERCISE 4: rewrite by using the equivalence of the underlined words

The pupil was not bright, yet he succeeded in having good marks

……………………………………………………………………………………..

You can go out on condition that you learn your lesson

……………………………………………………………………………………..

In spite of his illness, he plays in the rain

……………………………………………………………………………………….

Some people like cold weather while on the other hand some others like hot weather

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

You will be late if you do not run

…………………………………………………………………………………………

So far the children have had a good behavior

………………………………………………………………………………………..

Learn your lesson if not, you will have bad marks

………………………………………………………………………………………….

She laughed on purpose to annoy him

…………………………………………………………………………………………

It will probably happen

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

There were about ten of them

………………………………………………………………………………………..

REMARKS

Yet=however

On condition that=provided/as long as

In spite of=despite

While on the other hand=whereas

If not=unless

So far=until now/up to now

If not=otherwise

On purpose to=in order to

Probably=might

About=around

EXERCISE 5 :( mixed reformulation)

They will never eradicate corruption in this country

……………………………………………………………………………………………

These people have got no time to waste

These………………………………………………………………………………………

“She was elected president in 1996” They said

They said……………………………………………………………………………………

These exercises may be difficult, but they managed to do them by themselves.

Although…………………………………………………………………………………

Though Bombardier is courageous and strong, he can’t beat Yekini

Despite……………………………………………………………………………………

In spite of………………………………………………………………………………….

Courageous……………………………………………………………………………….

It’s hundreds of years since slavery was abolished

…………………………………………………………………………………………….

They don’t want this tragedy to continue (would rather)

……………………………………………………………………………………………

They have never lived such a bad situation

………………………………………………………………………………………………

Laws only are not going to change hearts

……………………………………………………………………………………………..

It would be a good idea if you start saving money

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

B: THE LINKING WORDS

EXERCISE1: Put the most appropriated linking word

1-I haven’t got enough money to go to the cinema………………….….there are no good films at the moment.

2-I would rather live in France than in England because the food is better and…………..…………the weather is nicer.

3-I am going to give several examples………………..illustrate my arguments.

4-I will study both the advantages and the disadvantages……………….to show the two different sides of the argument.

5-I am babysitting my younger brother……………….my parents can go out to the theatre.

6-The problem is……………..worrying…….it seems to be getting worse every year.

7-The government refuses to take any drastic action…………...……………….it should alienate many supporters.

8-………………taxes people have to pay………………..they consume.

9-The British economy is facing many problems at the present ………………..the French economy is in crisis.

10-……………….the French, the British drive at left.

EXERCISE 2: (same exercise as 1)

1-Many people continue to use their old cars, ………………the fact that the problem of pollution is well-documented.

2-I am still not fluent in English…………………I have been studying it for 8 years.

3-My exam is next month, so…………………..I am doing a lot of revision

4-My parents allow me to go out at weekend……………………..I don’t stay out late.

5-I can’t go to oxford university………………..I get the required grades.

6-I have broken my arm recently……………….I can’t go skiing next week.

7-He was……….late………they missed the first act of the opera.

8-It doesn’t rain constantly in England………………………what more foreigners believe

9-In case everybody wants the same style of house, there is a rule against it………………, there are rules to prevent too much diversity.

10-It was pouring down rain…………………my sister insisted that we go to search for our lost car.

11-My sister has brown eyes and dark hair like my father…………………..I have blue eyes and blond hair like my mother.

EXERCISE 3: Use the given words to fill the gaps

(Let alone-with this in mind-so far-otherwise-on the contrary)

1-…………………..a remedy against the diseases hasn’t been found

2-Stop talking…………………the teacher will punish you

3-He cannot provide for himself……………….a family

4-If we are united, victory be in reach………………………no misgiving must be allowed

5-You are on the point of going out………………….I am going to bed

EXERCISE 4: (same exercise as 3)

(As long as-however-whereas-eventually-therefore-though-even though)

I don’t like noise, you can stay in the room………………….you keep quiet

……………jack was not a bright pupil, he passed his exam

Every country’s purpose is to go ahead,……………..they must work hard

She is still ill…………………she goes to school

He is over honest…………………….you offer him gold he won’t do it

The Falls never go anywhere………………the Ndiayes are always on the moves

At the beginning we were at a less but………………….things went better

C: WORD BUILDING

EXERCISE 1: Use the words between brackets to fill the gaps

1-The young recruit was fascinated by the highly…………………..men sitting around him (power)

2-Some were eating………………..while others picked at their plates (greed)

3-Wherever he went, he could see young upstarts thrilled with…………………… (Excite)

4-At night he would make up, overwhelmed with a feeling of………………… (Frighten)

5-Yes that world was…………………and fascinating, he thought (impress)

6-His dream was to live up to his father’s………………… (Expect)ô

7-………………….is a complex science (political)

8-Wade’s……………….seemed to be good but it is not (political)

9-Stop making false…………………without any evidence (accuse)

10-The…………..…………..of one’s weakness is the first step towards finding means to eradicated it (recognize)

11-They are……………………claiming their right freedom (legitimacy)

12-The whole society must be……………………to gender issues (sensitive)

13-They……………..that they have all rights and can treat their wives the way they like (assumption)

14-The………………..of his family background revealed bad condition

Notice:ôrépondre à l’attente de quelqu’un

Writing letters

1. The Heading

The heading may include your complete address, but it certainly must have the date. It is placed in the upper right hand corner of the letter. If you choose to include your own address, set it up this way. On the first line, write your apartment number, postal box, rural route number, and your street address (whatever applies to your address). The second line should list your city, town, or village, the province, and postal code. (Do not use a dash between the two sections of your postal code.)

The third line gives the month; the day and the year you are writing the letter. If you choose not to include your return address, simply write the date at the top right of the page.

2. The Salutation

The salutation is the greeting you send to the reader. It is up to you how you address your friend - remember, a personal letter is written in casual language. Often, the salutation begins "Dear....," although other greetings, such as "Hello,...," or "Hi,..." are acceptable.

The salutation is written two lines below the heading, at the left margin. A comma usually follows the salutation in a personal letter.

3. The Body of the Letter

In the body of a personal letter you do your "talking." The message you place in the body should follow all the basic rules of paragraphing, spelling, punctuation, sentence structure and paragraphing. Indent the first line of each new paragraph about five spaces. Again, the language should be casual. The details you include, and the order in which you present them, depend on you and what you want to say.

4. The Complimentary Closing

The closing is like saying good-bye. Capitalize only the first word of your closing. Punctuate it at the end with a comma. Common closings are, “Yours truly,” “Love,” and “Your friend,”. The closing should be placed to the right of the centre line of the letter. Line up the first word of your closing with the first word in your heading.

5. The Signature

The signature is the part of the letter where you sign your name. You may sign with your first name only, if the person receiving the letter would recognize you from just your first name. Otherwise, use your full name. Sign your name beneath the closing; the first letter of your name should line up with the first letter of the closing.